Directive (EU) 2016/2370 amends Directive 2012/34/EU with respect to two core issues: the governance of the railway infrastructure and the opening of the market for domestic passenger transport service by rail. As such, the Directive contains notably provisions regarding independence of the infrastructure manager, independence of the essential functions, or rules on impartiality of the infrastructure manager, furthering the effective separation of the infrastructure managers and railways undertakings. Milieu will carry out the compliance assessment of the national implementing measures in 26 EU Member States and will also prepare an assessment of the institutional independence of railway infrastructure managers for each Member State.